• The biology of the A BR is complex and needs

  2024-07-24

  

  The biology of the A2BR is complex and needs to be considered contextually as the expression and effect of receptor engagement varies according to time post hypoxic injury, cell type and downstream signaling pathway. For example, A2BR expression is dynamic - low under basal and increasing under isch

• Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have a

  2024-07-24

  

  Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to

• The ATX LPA signaling axis has been implicated in

  2024-07-24

  

  The ATX–LPA signaling “axis” [5] has been implicated in a perplexing variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including vascular and neural development [5], [26], [27], [28], [29], tumor progression and metastasis [30], [31], lymphocyte trafficking [22], bone development [32], neur

• br Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy

  2024-07-24

  

  Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Concluding remarks The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcoholic cardiac injury has been recognized despite the seemingly beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption [8]. Although oxidative stress is well established in the pa

• In the mammalian brain synapse formation

  2024-07-24

  

  In the mammalian brain, synapse formation is followed by a period of synapse refinement, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in this process. For example, Tang and colleagues found that autophagy is required for the developmental pruning of dendritic spines, and that this pruning

• Introduction The first use of the term autophagy by

  2024-07-24

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion In

  2024-07-24

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion In our previous studies (Matarneh et al., 2017), mitochondria were mechanically disrupted and separated into supernatant and pellet fractions by centrifugation. The causative agent for enhnced glycolytic flux was shown to be a protein that resides i

• The mitogen activated protein kinase

  2024-07-24

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an important role in a variety of cell processes by controlling transcriptional or translational regulation [14]. There are three major MAPK family members that have been well characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-termin

• Probenecid In our previous report salivary arginase levels w

  2024-07-24

  

  In our previous report, salivary arginase levels were found to be higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls (Ozmeriç, Elgün, & Uraz, 2000). However, only one study has investigated arginase ezyme in saliva in patients with dental implants in which smokers were also included. An i

• Luo Dehm Raj Luo Attard Balk Bevan Burnstein Cato

  2024-07-23

  

  Luo, Dehm, Raj. Luo, Attard, Balk, Bevan, Burnstein, Cato, Cherkasov, De Bono, Dong, Gao, Gleave, Heemers, Kanayama, Kittler, Lang, Lee, Logothetis, Matusik, Plymate, Sawyers, Selth, Soule, Tilley, Weigel, Zoubeidi, Dehm, Raj. Luo, Attard, Balk, Bevan, Burnstein, Cato, Cherkasov, De Bono, Dong,

• Due to its unique histological architecture and blood

  2024-07-23

  

  Due to its unique histological architecture and blood supply, the lung is one of the most susceptible organs under uncontrolled systemic inflammatory circumstance [16]. Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory benefits of metformin in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS),

• br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome

  2024-07-23

  

  AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among l

• The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF in

  2024-07-23

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• Torin 2 A clear link between ADR stimulation and decreased

  2024-07-23

  

  A clear link between α2-ADR stimulation and decreased respiration in β-cells is established and consistent with proteomics data. Current discoveries in islets have identified physical interactions between ADR-coupled G proteins and cellular components such as insulin vesicles and ion channels (Zhao

• It is well known that the thymus plays

  2024-07-23

  

  It is well known that the thymus plays an important function in the complex pathogenesis and perpetuation of MG. We compared resistin levels between patients with MG with or without thymoma and found that those with thymoma had higher levels than those without thymoma. It has been previously recogni

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