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    • br Assembly procedure In the foundation once the

    2018-11-03


    Assembly procedure In the foundation, once the steel reinforcement was prepared, bottom plates with threaded cylinder (located at a distance of 40cm from each other) were put in place and welded to the bottom reinforcement. The concrete casting to a height of 30cm was performed, taking care to protect the top of the threaded cylinder. Once foundations were finished, the first layer of blocks was placed by putting a layer of leveling to improve the adherence between the foundation and the blocks. The threaded mini prep were then clamped to each cylinder. Up to a height of 2m, the building of the sail which takes place by sliding the block along the steel rod, can be done fairly quickly and easily by a single worker, being the weight of the block below that permitted by ergonomic regulation.
    Conclusions
    Introduction Takamatsuzuka tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan, is estimated to be built in the late seventh century. It consists of a stone chamber, which is made of tuff, and the surrounding mound. There are mural paintings on the lime-plastered walls inside the chamber, which were discovered in 1972. At that time, the degree of damage or deterioration of the mural paintings were little confirmed. The mural paintings were designated as national treasure in 1974. It was decided that the mural paintings should be preserved on-site, retaining its original status. For this purpose, a conservation structure, which consists of three antechambers, was constructed in 1976. Since then, however, the occurrence of fungi has accelerated the deterioration of the mural paintings, especially after 2001. Due to the continuing deterioration of the mural paintings, the process of on-site preservation of Takamatsuzuka tumulus was given up. It was decided to dismantle the stone chamber for the purpose of conservation and restoration (Home Page of Agency of Cultural Affairs, 2004–2006; Japan Agency of Cultural Affairs Edit, 1987). The primary causes of the deterioration of the mural paintings are the occurrence of fungi, the salt deposition and the exfoliation of the lime plaster on the wall surfaces. In order to inhibit the growth of fungi, the environment should be maintained at lower indoor temperature and relative humidity. However, in order to prevent peeling and dropping of the plaster caused by shrinkage, the environment should be kept at higher indoor relative humidity (larger than 70–80 %) (Takatori et al., 2010; Sedlbauer, 2002; Johansson et al., 2010). As can be seen, there is a fundamental contradiction between the appropriate conditions for preserving the paintings and for stabilizing the fungi growth.
    Methods
    Results and discussion
    Conclusions and perspectives
    Acknowledgements This research was supported by the JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI (20560549), NSF (National Science Foundation) of China (Grant no. 51108072), and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant no. 20110092120003).
    Introduction The word geometry refers to the science of properties and relations of magnitudes such as points, lines, surfaces, or solids in space and the way the parts of a particular object fit together (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 1999). Geometry is well known based on two Greek words “geo”, meaning the earth, and “metry”, meaning to measure. So geometry literally means “the measurable earth” or “earthly measurements”. Geometry, according to Plato, can also refer to the science of stereo-metry or “spatial measurements”. The very laws of how things are allowed to be by the “Divine will” are the laws of “Harmony of Being”. Tradition holds that, as engraved over the entrance to Plato\'s Academy, “Only he who is familiar with geometry shall be admitted here” (Critchlow, 1976). Geometry has existed in many buildings and design forms across centuries. The first confirmed record of geometric knowledge and its relationship to astronomy, human and music can be traced back to the ancient Greeks, in particular, Pythagoras and Plato. However, prior to the Greeks, many old civilizations have left clear geometric footprints by applying sacred geometry in their constructions. The prehistoric carved stones found in Scotland representing the Platonic Solids. can be dated back to over a thousand years earlier than the Greeks. The Greeks may well have been the first to have offered geometry to the public, but they were, by no means, the first to realize atrioventricular (AV) valve (Critchlow, 1987; Hecht, 1988; Critchlow, 1987).