• The glycolytic activator phosphofructo kinase fructose bisph

  2022-04-29

  

  The glycolytic activator 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is well-known as a downstream substrate of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway [5,6]. Tumor hypoxia has long been associated with increased malignancy, poor prognosis and drug resistance. HIF-

• The stability and function of the HIF protein

  2022-04-29

  

  The stability and function of the HIF-1α protein are affected by many post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hydroxylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation [[29], [30], [31]]. It has been shown that HIF-1α stability is regulated by LSD1 [25]; in particular, the Set9 histone

• Numerous strategies of cardiomyocyte protection

  2022-04-29

  

  Numerous strategies of cardiomyocyte protection are effective in preclinical, animal models and in small clinical trials. However, most have disappointed in large clinical trials [4,5]. Failures of cyclosporine and post-conditioning to mitigate reperfusion injury are recent examples [[6], [7], [8]].

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments This

  2022-04-29

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments This work was financially supported partly by Shanghai Pujiang Talent Project (No.: 08PJ14017), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.: 20771029 and 91013001) and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No. B108). Soluble guanylate cyclase (

• 680C91 receptor br Disclosure statement br Introduction Nitr

  2022-04-29

  

  Disclosure statement Introduction 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane is the first nitro compound isolated from plants [1]. It is a volatile compound found in the essential oil of various species, and its presence provides a pleasant odor that resembles the cinnamon scent [2]. The biogenesis of 1-nitro-2-p

• br Family A Receptors as

  2022-04-29

  

  Family A Receptors as Promiscuous Sensors for Peptone and Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) In addition to the family C 7TM receptors, several family A 7TM receptors are promiscuous in their ligand preferences, and several respond to organic nutrients from food, notably protein degradation products and FFA

• br Introduction Cell surface receptors are

  2022-04-26

  

  Introduction Cell surface receptors are central to the interaction of cells with their surroundings and play an important role in determining functional responses. These receptors are integral membrane proteins responsible for the binding of extracellular signaling molecules and transduction into

• Since the late s synthetic GC e

  2022-04-25

  

  Since the late 1940s, synthetic GC (e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) have been used extensively in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, and for their immunosuppressant action in preventing organ rejection post transplantation. Cortico

• In the gastrointestinal GI tract

  2022-04-25

  

  In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CART expression has been described in the enteric nervous system in rats (Ekblad et al., 2003), pigs (Wierup et al., 2007), sheep (Arciszewski et al., 2009), guinea pigs (Ellis and Mawe, 2003) and humans (Kasacka et al., 2012). Less is known about CART expression i

• br Introduction Connexins are transmembrane proteins

  2022-04-25

  

  Introduction Connexins are transmembrane proteins that allow the exchange of molecules with the extracellular environment or adjacent CAY10603 via channels in the plasma membrane. Intercellular communication and exchange of biologically active molecules, salts, and nutrients to the extracellular

• FGF signals can be transduced to the signaling

  2022-04-25

  

  FGF signals can be transduced to the signaling cascades of RAS-MAPK or PI3K-AKT through FRS2 and GRB2, to the pathways of PKC or PKD via PLCγ and DAG, and to Ca2+-releasing cascade via PLCγ and IP3, finally affecting cellular proliferation, cellular survival, and angiogenesis [48]. By increasing syn

• TRRAP participates in embryonic development as demonstrated

  2022-04-22

  

  TRRAP participates in embryonic development, as demonstrated by its binding with proteins regulating the Notch signaling pathway in fruit fly, the Ras signaling pathway in C. elegans, or the Wnt signaling pathway in 293T cells. Therefore we suspect that TRRAP variants, more especially those falling

• While more detailed molecular studies on

  2022-04-22

  

  While more-detailed molecular studies on the mechanistic basis for heightened H3 receptor function in PAE rats are underway, we have also been exploring whether PAE alters other markers of histaminergic neurotransmission in affected brain regions. One question is whether PAE affected the number of

• br Conclusion The hub gene KIBRA and the

  2022-04-22

  

  Conclusion The hub gene KIBRA and the Hippo signaling pathway were downregulated and miR-21 was upregulated in LAD. MiR-21 promoted the viability and mobility of LAD cells, reduced apoptosis and suppressed the Hippo signaling pathway in LAD through targeting KIBRA. Funding The study was appro

• The experiments reported herein were designed

  2022-04-22

  

  The experiments reported herein were designed to test whether co-expression of MRP and GSTP1-1 offers a level of protection from certain cytotoxic drugs not achieved by the expression of either protein alone. This was accomplished by stable transfection with expression vectors into MCF7/WT cells, wh

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