• In addition to pH regulation by ion counter fluxes

  2024-12-19

  

  In addition to pH regulation by ion (counter-) fluxes, acidification is regulated by the abundance of V-ATPase on organelles, by the pumping activity of the complex and by proton leakage. In yeast, the V-ATPase VO subunit a is the only subunit expressed in two isoforms termed Stv1p and Vph1p. V-ATPa

• The LOX hydroxide metabolites are converted to secondary lip

  2024-12-19

  

  The 15-LOX hydroxide metabolites are converted to secondary lipid mediators such as lipoxin A4 from 15-HETE and protectin D1/resolvin D1 from 17-HDoHE [45] (Fig. S3). Importantly, all of these secondary lipid mediators have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties [46], [47], [48]. Lipoxin A4

• 550 24 We also show that in both ATM proficient and deficien

  2024-12-19

  

  We also show that in both ATM proficient and deficient/mutant 550 24 the activation of ATR signaling is DSB complexity-dependent (Figs. 1, 4A, C and E, 6A and B). Wang et al. have also reported that the effects of ATR and CHK1 on radiosensitivity are independent of the NHEJ repair pathway [41], [42]

• Recruitment of the Rad BP mediator to

  2024-12-19

  

  Recruitment of the Rad9/53BP1 mediator to 78 4 involves multiple pathways (Fig. 2). In unperturbed conditions, Rad9 is already bound to chromatin via interaction between its Tudor domain and methylated histone H3 at lysine 79 [82], [83], [84], [85]. This constitutive Rad9 recruitment to chromatin i

• ASK belongs to the family of

  2024-12-19

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc

• Cytidine 5-triphosphate receptor The isoelectric point of CL

  2024-12-19

  

  The isoelectric point of CL-ARG was determined by native IEF at a Cytidine 5-triphosphate receptor gradient in the range (3–10) using standard protein markers with known isoelectric points. Native IEF reveals the presence of only one major band for CL-ARG with a slightly neutral-basic pI value of a

• Wound healing without blastema formation causes partial rest

  2024-12-19

  

  Wound healing without blastema formation causes partial restoration of lost tissue, and gives rise to fibrotic scars. Healing by fibrotic scarring rather than by regeneration leads to tissue dysfunction, and can place a huge burden for the health of the animal [4]. Therefore, understanding the molec

• Betaine The crucial role of AP in

  2024-12-19

  

  The crucial role of AP-1 in establishing and maintaining cell type-specific gene expression programs and cell identity is further apparent during reprogramming of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) into iPSCs with either Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/cMyc (OSKM ) factors , or chemicals . Using ATAC-seq to profile chr

• Thalidomide is now a well known antiangiogenic

  2024-12-19

  

  Thalidomide is now a well known antiangiogenic agent. This property of thalidomide is being extensively researched upon, for its significant utility in the treatment of various malignant tumors. Studies show that thalidomide efficaciously inhibits various pro-angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosi

• Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs

  2024-12-19

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs can differ greatly in their mobility; some rapidly and constitutively Sodium Orthovanadate in and out of the synaptic membrane, while others remain somewhat stable in the synaptic membrane (Luscher et al., 1999, Luthi et al., 1999). We find th

• br The lipoxygenase pathway and

  2024-12-19

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway and microvascular complications of diabetes The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in adipose tissue Only recently has adipose tissue been recognized as a highly metabolically active endocrine organ imparting profound local and systemic inflammatory effects. Adipose tiss

• Most of the modifications in the

  2024-12-18

  

  Most of the modifications in the sympathetic nervous system occurring with aging, including decreased βAR responsiveness, increased circulating catecholamines, and overall hyposensitivity to adrenergic stress, are also observed in patients with failing hearts. Moreover, young people are more reactiv

• The putative physiological meaning of epinephrine related

  2024-12-18

  

  The putative physiological meaning of epinephrine-related hepatic drug transporter regulation remains to be established. It is nevertheless noteworthy that the catecholamine rather decreases expression of sinusoidal SLC transporters like NTCP, OAT2, OAT7, OCT1, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 whereas those of c

• br A novel therapeutic strategy

  2024-12-18

  

  A novel therapeutic strategy based on the APN and obesity paradoxes As shown above, the relationship of the serum APN concentration with health and disease states shows an inverted-U correlation, suggesting that moderate concentrations of serum APN are beneficial (Fig. 3). Given that both hypo- a

• Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell fu

  2024-12-18

  

  Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell function via four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1Rs A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) that are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes [31]. Each is encoded by a separate gene and has different functions, although with some ove

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